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(No Model.)

D. W. BLACK. EAGKEE EOE DEEE WELLS.-

No. 439,233.. Patenne 051;. 28, 1890.

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UNITED STATES PATENT` QFFICE.,

DAVID IV. BLACK, OF BUTLER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BENJAMIN Y MASSETH, OF SAME PLACE.

vPACKER FOR DEEP WELLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 439,233, dated October 28, 1890,

Application tiled May 14.4 1890. Serial No. 351,745. (No model.) g

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, DAVID W. BLACK, of`

ful Improvement in Packers for Deep Wells,

of which the following is a full, clear, and ex;

act description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l shows in side elevation my improved packer in a deep well, but unpacked. Fig. 2 shows the packer in vertical section and packed. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sect-ion on line III III of Fig. l. Fig. 4 shows in side elevation a modified construction of the packer unpacked.

In the drawings, 2 represents a portion of theoil-well casing, and Sis the ex'pansible packing-tube, made, preferably, of rubber, which fits around the casing and has bearing at one end against a shoulder a, formed,preferably,

by a coupling-sleeve 4 on the casing. At the other end the packer has a bearing against a shoulder b, formed, preferably, by the end of a tubular section 5, which fits telescopically around the easing and is loosely set thereon, so as to be'capable of longitudinal movement when unrestrained, as hereinafter described. This tubular section is made conical or wedgeshaped, as shown in the drawings.

6 is a collar or band which encircles the casing below the section 5, and is provided with upwardly-projecting spring-arms 7, having fixed thereto leafeprings 8. The springs 8 normally bear with a little friction against the sides of the holes, and the arms 7 form the means by which the section 5 is held stationary in the hole in order to afforda resistance by which the packer can be expanded. The arms 7 are locked or held from action by means of a detachable bayonet-lock, which in the form shown in Fig. 1 is thus constituted: A pin 9 projects from the side of the casing, and the ring 6 is provided on its inner side with a groove 10. If the ring 6 be turned so as to bring said groove opposite to the pin, the ring may be moved upwardly on the casing; but otherwise the ring is restrained from such motion, as shown in Fig. 1. If desired,

substantially the same lock may be made by forming the groove or slot in the casing and the pin on the collar.

The operation is as follows: In casing the well the parts of the packer are attached to the casing-sections ator ,near the lower end thereof in the manner shown in the drawings, and the casing is lowered into the hole, the parts being'then in the position shown in Fig. l. The ring 6 and arms 7 are prevented from independent motion on the casing because of their being locked by the pin 9. When it is desired to expand thepacker, the casing is lifted somewhat, and the friction of the springs S against the sides of the hole causes the casing to rise within the collar 6 and to lift the pin 9 from engagement with al notch c, preferably formed on `the collar. The operator then turns the casing within the hole, soas to bring the pin 9 opposite the groove l0, and the casing is allowed to descend in the well. The friction of the springs 8 against the sides of the hole upholds the arms 7 and permits the casing to' slip down within the arms, lwhich rise over the conical portion of thesect-ion 5. The wedgeA action of thelatter rupon the arms spreads them and causes them to bind in the hole, until finally their pressure against the sides of the; hole becomes sufliciently strong to uphold the weight of the casing. Because of the fact that the casing is free to move within the conical section 5, which is now jammed stationarily in the hole, the pressure of the sections of casing above the packer bearing on the rubber packer at the shoulder ct compresses the rubber longitudinally and bulges it 4out against the side of the hole. The casing may thus be packed at any position in the hole, all that is necessary being to turn the casing so as to disengage the spring clamps and to free them, so that they may bind on the sides of the hole. The casi ng may also be unpacked and moved in the well either up or down, so as to pack it in another position. This isdone by first lifting the casing when the packer is in the position shown in Fig. 2, the effect of which is to relieve the pressure of the overlying casing-sections from the packer and to cause it to resume its cylindrical form, and, further, by drawing the casing up with the arms 7 to remove said arms from the conical section to release them from their grip on the sides of the hole and to litt the pin 9 up through the groove 10 above the ring 6. The casing may then be turned so as to bring the pin 9 into the original position shown in Fig. 1. The casing may then be moved up or down in the hole to bring the packer into the position desired, When it may be packed in the manner above described. This facility for packing and unpacking the casing and readjusting its position in the hole constitutes a prime feature and advantage of my invention.

In Fig. 4t I show a modified construction of the lock in which instead of making the bayonet-catch in the collar 6 it is formed at the end of one of the arms 7.

When the packer is to be used for packing gas-Wells or other Wells where there is a strong upward pressure which would tend to force up the casing and to draw the section 5 above the spring-arms, I prefer to invert the packing device. The relative positions and mode of operation of the parts in this instance will be accurately illustrated by viewing the drawings in an inverted position. To pack the hole casing after it has been lowered to its proper position in the hole, the casing is turned so as to bring the pin 9 opposite the groove l0, and the casing is then lifted by jacks or otherwise at the top ot the hole, so as to draw the section 5 up under the arms 7 t0 bind these arms in the hole, and thus to lock the sections 5, and eventually by lifting the casing telescopically Within the section 5 and causing theshoulder a to press against the end of the packing-tube, which at the other end is resisted by the shoulder b of the jammed sectic'n 5, the packer is properly expanded in the When the casing is thus packed,it is obvious that any upward pressure of gas on the casing Will tend still more to bind the section 5 Within the arms 7 to spread these arms and to hold the packer more securely in place.

In a patentapplication filed on May 12, 1890, Serial No. 351,420, Benjamin Masseth has described and claimed a packer similar in many respects to the packer shown and described herein. The said invention of Masseth is prior in date to mine, and his claims are generic, including Within their scope the device herein shoWn, which I regard as a specie improvement upon his.

1. In a deep-well packer, the combination, with the pipe or casing and an expansible packer, of arms adapted to engage With the sides of the hole and to hold the casing to afford resistance to the packer, a bayonet-lock for holding said arms, and means for disengaging and engaging said lock, substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. The combination, with the pipe-section or casing, of an expansible packer, a movable section against which the packer has a bearing and which is provided with a conical or Wedge-like portion, holding-arms adapted to be expanded by motion of said conical portion within them, and a bayonet-lock by which the arms are detachablylocked, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination, with the pipe-section or casing, of an expansible packer, arms adapted to engage With the sides of the hole and to hold the casing to afford resistance to the packer, a ring secured to said arms and encircling the casing, a vertical groove in the ring, and a pin on the casing, said groove and pin constituting a bayonet-lock operative by rotation of the casing Within lthe ring, substantially as and for the purposes described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 7th day of May, A. D. 1890.

DAVID W. BLACK.

-Witnesses:

W. B. CORWIN, THoMAs W. BAKEWELL. 

